When writing, it’s important to keep track of how many sets of knowledge you have in your story and to keep them at a minimum.
A set of knowledge is the set of relevant facts and information known by a character or the reader in your story.
The simplest setup is having the reader know what the protagonist knows and not much else. Everything your protagonist knows the readers know, and everything they don’t, the reader doesn’t either. It’s easy to follow, and easy to get inside the character’s head.
Once you tell the reader more information that the protagonist itself doesn’t know, or the protagonist tells another character a partial or false information, you begin having multiple sets of knowledge. What the protagonist knows, what the reader knows, what the other characters know, etc.
The more sets of knowledge you have, the harder it is to keep track of who know’s what and it makes the story more difficult to follow.
That’s not to say there’s never a reason to have more than one set of knowledge. You can add tension by letting the audience know about a danger that the protagonist doesn’t. You can foster a feeling of isolation and paranoia by having the protagonist keep a secret that nobody else knows.
What you don’t want to do is unnecessarily complicate your story with multiple sets of knowledge that don’t add anything and make it harder for the reader to follow the plot and get the character’s mindset.
I like this template
Morty: Hey, Rick. Why don’t we ever time travel?
Rick: Because I’m running away from the past and I’m terrified of the future. There’s nothing for me in either of those.
Morty: Oh…
Rick: Also, time travel is boring.
A short story I wrote in celebration of WritScrib’s beta opening: